The chemical composition of Royal Jelly is complex, consisting of proteins, amino acids, sugars, lipids and vitamins, especially B-complex. Royal Jelly is one of the richest natural sources of amino acids, containing at least 17, including the 8 essential ones. A number of anti-microbial peptides have been identified in Royal Jelly. Another component,10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) is the most important active ingredient, the content of which can be considered as an index of RJ quality. 10-HDA is known to have various pharmacological actions, including immune-regulation, providing anti-cancer and anti-bacterial effects.